For simulation to correctly predict silicon behavior, the logic implementing a design should adhere to the setup and hold constraints specified for clocked elements. However, with multiple asynchronous clocks on a single chip driving logic, designers cannot help but violate setup and hold constraints. This causes metastability, which in its turn leads to non-deterministic delays […]
How visibility-enhanced debug works The emergence of ‘visibility enhancement’ technology provides verification teams with an optimal trade-off between simulation performance and signal visibility. Visibility enhancement enables a methodology consisting of an analysis-driven partial signal dumping procedure that limits the impact on emulation performance while still providing full signal visibility for debug. These are some key […]
Long before the first portable computer batteries exploded, and even before anyone had the first visions of building massive data centers in the cold northwestern states of Oregon,Washington and Alaska, power consumption by electronic devices was a tough problem for chip designers. The difference now is that we are trying to manage power in ever-smaller […]
Simultaneous Switching Noise (SSN) is the voltage fluctuation caused by the simultaneous switching of groups of output chip I/O drivers that drive high slew rate signals. It has an impact on I/O and core power supply lines and on signal lines, and is an increasingly important challenge for designs that incorporate high performance interfaces, such […]
Verification has become one of the main bottlenecks in hardware and system design. Several verification languages, methods and tools addressing different issues in the process have been developed by EDA vendors in recent years. This paper takes the industrial user’s point of view to explore the difficulties posed when introducing new verification methods into ‘naturally […]
Introduction Burgeoning design complexity has greatly increased the scale of the verification effort. At the same time, there is a widening gap between the growth in vital activities such as functional verification and the ability of tools and methodologies to fulfill such tasks efficiently. If we fail to close that gap, the potential impact on […]
This paper describes a random test generation strategy we are using to complement the verification of upcoming generations of processor. SystemVerilog provided the means to define the functional coverage of our design and to employ the shadow modeling technique, significantly improving our verification flow. Shadow modeling is a reliable method for proving the functionality of […]
The increasingly onerous nature of physical verification at today’s nanometer process geometries requires the regular benchmarking of appropriate tools, if designs are to be realized in a cost-effective manner. However, the criteria for such benchmarking are all too often limited to relatively simplistic notions of ‘performance’. The article explains that the real cost of physical […]
PCI Express is a point-to-point communications interface. It is neither an evolved nor enhanced form of PCI or PCI-X, but, essentially, a high speed, low voltage, differential serial pathway for communication between two devices, although it uses the same programming model as its predecessors. It employs a protocol that allows devices to communicate simultaneously by […]
Introduction Complete system-on-chip (SoC) design assembly, configuration and verification environments emerged in the 1990s to address an increasing design gap between the capacity of silicon and the ability of engineering teams to fill that gap meaningfully with optimized system designs. Despite the need being addressed by these early environments, adoption was slow. In this context, […]